The Decision of Philip III: The Expulsion of the Moriscos in 1609 that Depopulated Regions of Spain
In the heart of the Iberian Peninsula, a drastic decision marked the fate of thousands of people. In 1609, Philip III of Spain signed a decree that resulted in the expulsion of the Moriscos, an event that not only transformed the demographics of several regions but also became a symbol of the decline of an empire that had reached its peak under the House of Habsburg. This article unveils the court secrets and political intrigues surrounding this controversial decision.
The Grandeur of an Empire in Crisis
During Philip III's reign, the Spanish Empire was at the height of its power, but it was also beginning to show signs of decline. The House of Habsburg had ruled Spain since 1516 and, despite having achieved unparalleled greatness, economic pressure, constant wars, and social tensions were on the verge of overflowing. In this context, the campaigns of ethnic cleansing against the Moriscos, descendants of Muslims converted to Christianity, were intensifying.
The Moriscos had been objects of distrust for centuries, seen not only as a different religious group but also as a potential threat to the established order. The expulsion of the Moriscos was viewed by many as a way to consolidate the power of a Catholic Spain, and Philip III's decision was the result of pressures from the nobility and the clergy, who clamored for a "clean Spain."
The Expulsion Decree and Its Consequences
On April 9, 1609, Philip III signed the decree ordering the expulsion of the Moriscos. This act, according to historical documents, was inspired by fears of a revolt similar to those of 1568, when the Moriscos rose up in Granada.