The Secret of the Invincible Armada: When Philip II Attempted to Invade England and Failed
In 1588, a dark and stormy chapter in European history unfolded, marking a turning point in the rise and fall of the Spanish Empire. The Invincible Armada, a fleet that represented Philip II's naval supremacy, king of Spain and a member of the House of Habsburg, was set to cross the English Channel with the ambitious goal of invading England. However, this imposing armada, which was meant to be the salvation of the Spanish crown, became a symbol of failure and ruin. This article reveals the secrets, intrigues, and the dramatic outcome of that ill-fated attempt.
The Historical Context: Philip II and His Imperial Ambition
Philip II, born in 1527, was the son of Charles I of Spain and Isabella of Portugal. From his ascension to the throne in 1556, Philip became the king who dreamed of an empire that would never cease. With a vast territory stretching from the Americas to European lands, his ambition led him to confront Protestantism and seek to re-establish Catholicism in England, where Queen Elizabeth I had instituted Anglicanism.
Tensions between England and Spain intensified due to the raids by English pirates like Sir Francis Drake, who robbed Spanish ships and plundered colonies in the New World. Eager to restore Catholic order and avenge the affronts, Philip decided that invading England was necessary. Thus, the Invincible Armada was born, consisting of over 130 ships and 30,000 men, a force that promised to be unbeatable.
The Preparation of the Invincible Armada
The preparations for the Invincible Armada began in 1587, when Philip II ordered the gathering of a formidable fleet at the port of Lisbon. The planning phase was marked by interference…