The Secret of Maria Theresa: The Empress Who Ruled the Habsburg Empire
The figure of Maria Theresa of Austria is an enigma that has fascinated historians and history enthusiasts for centuries. Not only was she the last woman to rule the Habsburg Empire, but her life was marked by intrigue, power, and the enormous responsibility that came with being empress during a time of turmoil. From her ascension to the throne in 1740 until her death in 1780, this empress faced titanic challenges, while her legacy continues to resonate in the history of Austrian and European affairs.
An Empress in Times of Crisis
Maria Theresa was born on May 13, 1717, in Vienna, the daughter of Emperor Joseph I and Queen Hedwig of Poland. Her unexpected rise to the throne came after her father's death, as historical documents from the time indicate that the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 allowed her father to leave the throne to a woman. However, this decision was met with disdain by many nobles, who viewed her as a weakness in a male-dominated Europe.
In 1740, after her father's death, Maria Theresa became empress at the age of 23. However, her coronation was overshadowed by war, as the ambitions of several European kingdoms led to the Austrian Succession War (1740-1748). She soon found herself in the midst of a battle for her right to the throne, facing powers such as Prussia, which sought to strip her of her inheritance. The situation was desperate: few believed in her ability to govern.
The Greatness of a Ruler
Despite the obstacles, Maria Theresa managed to consolidate her power and demonstrate her capabilities as a ruler. In this context, her ability to forge alliances was crucial. For example, the marriage of her...