The Hidden History of Portugal's Loss: When Philip IV Watched the Iberian Union Crumble
The story of the House of Habsburg is marked by great victories and tragic falls, but few events are as dramatic as the loss of Portugal under the reign of Philip IV. In 1640, the dream of an Iberian Union collapsed in a burst of rebellion and desire for independence. This article reveals the intrigue, conflict, and thrilling hidden history behind this crucial event that changed the course of the Iberian Peninsula.
The Splendor of the Iberian Union and the Rise of Philip IV
When Philip IV ascended to the throne in 1621, the Spanish Empire was an imposing titan in Europe. The union with Portugal, established in 1580 by Philip II, seemed to be a step towards consolidating Iberian power. However, the union was not as solid as it was believed to be. Portugal, although tied to the Spanish monarchy, had always maintained a deep sense of national identity.
Philip IV's ambitions were reflected in his attempts to expand his influence. In 1625, the king sent a fleet to liberate the city of Bahia in Brazil, which had fallen into Dutch hands. This act of bravery sought not only to reaffirm Spanish power in the New World but also to demonstrate the strength of the Iberian Union. However, dissatisfaction in Portugal was beginning to brew, and the perception of a Spanish government as oppressive was becoming increasingly palpable.
The Outbreak of Rebellion: 1640 and the Cry for Independence
The spark of the Portuguese rebellion was ignited on December 1, 1640, when a group of nobles and conspirators took the Palace of La Ribeira in Lisbon, marking the beginning of the Restoration War. Philip IV found himself engulfed in his own internal troubles: wars in Euro ```