The Hidden History of the Habsburg Bankruptcies: When Spain Went Bankrupt 5 Times in 100 Years
The House of Habsburg, one of the most powerful dynasties in modern Europe, is not only known for its vast territorial and political influence but also for its scandalous bankruptcies. Over the course of a century, between 1557 and 1666, the Kingdom of Spain, under Habsburg rule, faced five financial crises that exposed the fragility of its splendor. The intrigues, alliances, and palace secrets surrounding this royal family reveal a dramatic tale of grandeur and decay, a constant struggle between absolute power and imminent ruin.
The First Bankruptcy: 1557, the Beginning of the Fall
In 1557, under the reign of Philip II, Spain faced its first bankruptcy. After years of costly military conflicts, particularly in wars against France and conflicts with the Ottoman Empire, the king found himself in an unsustainable situation. The accumulated debt had reached over 100 million reales, an astronomical figure for the time. The chronicler of the era, Antonio Pérez, expressed in his writings how the royal treasury had reached a point of no return, foreshadowing the impending ruin of the empire.
The bankruptcy was declared in a context of ongoing wars and the need to finance military expeditions. Philip II opted for a suspension of payments, a desperate act that set a precedent. This moment marked the beginning of the decline of the House of Habsburg, where the luster of the crown was beginning to fade.
The Second and Third Bankruptcies: 1560-1596, the Endless Cycle of Debt
The story repeated itself again in 1575 and 1596, two tragic moments in the trajectory of the House of Habsburg. In 1575, the debt had reached alarming levels, leading Philip II to declare another bankruptcy...