The Truth About the Loss of Portugal: When Philip IV Witnessed the Collapse of the Iberian Union
In the 17th century, the history of the House of Habsburg was marked by splendor and power, but also by decay and intrigue. In the midst of this turbulent era, Philip IV, the king who inherited the union of two kingdoms, was a direct witness to an event that would change the course of history: the independence of Portugal in 1640. This article will unravel the secrets and conflicts surrounding the loss of Portugal, revealing how the greatness of the Iberian Union turned into a tragic disintegration.
The Iberian Union: A Dream of Power and Greatness
The Iberian Union began in 1580 when King Philip II of Spain, a member of the House of Habsburg, claimed the throne of Portugal following the death of King Henry without a direct heir. This act marked the beginning of a period of imperial splendor, during which the House of Habsburg ruled over vast territories in Europe and the Americas. However, this dynastic dream would soon turn into a nightmare.
During the early decades of the union, Philip II and his successors sought to consolidate their power on the Iberian Peninsula, facing resistance from Portuguese nobles and merchants who viewed Spanish occupation as a threat to their privileges. Over time, loyalty to the Spanish crown began to erode, and discontent loomed on the horizon.
Philip IV and the Growing Crisis of the Union
When Philip IV ascended to the throne in 1621, he inherited not only the splendor of an empire but also an escalating crisis. Internal conflicts, economic pressure, and popular discontent marked his reign. By 1630, the situation in Portugal was becoming critical, and news of revolts began to reach the Spanish court. ```